1st Bn Border Regiment - Operation Husky (Syracuse)

When operation HUSKY was launched on the 9th July the Battalion’s main role was to capture the town of Syracuse on the East coast of Sicily. For this the Battalions strength was 43 officers and 753 other ranks. Unfortunately many of the gliders came down in the sea drowning a large number of the Borderers and those which did make it to Sicily were widely scattered stopping the Battalion from organising and attaining its objective. However in their small groups they caused problems for the enemy.

The objective was not achieved owing to the failure of the tug and glider pilots to land their loads in the prescribed LZ. This failure was thought to be due to three main causes:-

    (a) Lack of navigational assistance to pilots on route and LZ. 

    (b) False appreciation of strength of wind, and consequent reduced range of gliders after release. 

    (c) Unwillingness of some tug pilots to fly into flak. 

Some of this flak came from friendly forces as the glider forces flew over the sea-landing forces still at sea. The American tug pilots were, in the main, unaccustomed to flying with gliders and released the gliders early - into the sea - when they came under fire.

Of the 72 gliders, 44 came down in the sea, 20 in Sicily, 7 in Africa and 1 in Malta. On a personnel basis, this meant that 64% of the Bn came down in the sea, 25% in Sicily, and 11% in Africa and Malta. The 4 officers and 191 OR’s who came down in Sicily suffered 18% casualties in landing, chiefly from handcarts which broke away from their lashing-points, and 12% casualties in action, a total of 30%. Of the 28 officers and 478 OR’s who landed in the sea, 19% reached Sicily by swimming and then joined the land party, suffering casualties in action on a similar scale; 23% have been reported drowned, missing believed drowned, or missing; 1% were killed or wounded by enemy action at sea; and 57% were picked up in the sea, and returned to base via Malta, Algiers, Alexandria and Suez. Most of those drowned managed to get out of the gliders, but then sank before succeeding in freeing themselves of their equipment and climbing onto the WACO’s. The majority of the gliders floated for 6-7 hours before sinking or breaking up completely, though this time naturally varied with the payload and the force of the crash into the water, gliders which landed tailfirst last much longer than those which plunged straight in nose first.

Glider No.96

We were released from the tug at approx 2215 hrs at approx 500 ft. We hit the water nose first, and the fuselage filled up almost immediately. One of the emergency doors could not open. A number escaped through the nose, and the remainder through the port door. The glider pilot told us to keep on the wings. He said to me that there should be fourteen people, and that he could only count thirteen: I checked up and found that the missing person was Pte Hurley. In about two hours time the aircraft started to break up. The wings broke from the main body, and we held to the nose of the glider as that was all that remained above water. We then had to abandon this support as it was sinking, and transfer to a glider wing which then appeared. At this time Sjt de Muynck decided that he and Cpl Clark should make for the shore as they were comparatively strong swimmers, so to have more support for the non-swimmers. Five minutes later Pte Richards decided to follow the two NCOs. I shouted to L cpl Manley on the other side of the wing - “is everything all right”. He replied two of them have gone. I knew that these two were Ptes Casey and Fairbrass. These soldiers, for some time previously had been hysterical. About 0400 hrs Pte Gale drifted off from the glider, and we were too exhausted to go for him as we had been doing on several occasions. The last words we heard from Pte Gale were “I’ve had it lads”. At approx 0430 hrs we were picked up by an invasion barge. I reported that Gale had drifted off half an hour previously but we could not find him. We were then transferred to the “Ulster Monarch” from which in turn we were taken aboard a Norwegian ship and landed at Malta on Monday morning. (My opinion is that Ptes Casey, Gale, Fairbrass and Hurley were drowned, and that Pte Richards may have either made the shore or was picked up.

(Sgd) T. H. Horner, L cpl, 3603472

Glider No.57

The glider took off from Strip C at 1915 hrs and circled to get into formation for about twenty minutes. As soon as all the gliders were in the air a course was set out to sea. Before take-off the crew were all instructed what to do in case of the glider coming down in the sea, on the correct landing zone, or a crash landing off the zone. The crew were all Bn HQ personnel, Lt Col Britten MBE, Capt N.A.H. Stafford, Capt G.G. Black, Lt J.S.D. Hardy, Sjt Burton, L Cpl Toman, L Cpl Smith, Pte Clark, Pte Ditte, Pte Cull, Cpl Day and Sgm Gilbert. The two pilots were Lt Loughran and an American pilot.

The trip was uneventful, and the glider, with a fairly heavy load, flew very well. The load included a handcart and five folding cycles, as well as two No.18 sets, carried by the signallers.

Two islands, which we took to be Linosa and Malta were the only land sighted until about 2000 hrs [2200 hrs?], when the coast of Sicily could be plainly seen off the port side. There was a little flak, but none of it came very near us at all. Our pilot cast off at what we, the crew, thought was the correct place, but which, was as near as the tug was willing to go without taking evasive action. We were actually quite a way out at a height of only 1300 ft. We glided all along the South coast of the Cap du Porco, heading straight for the LZ, but could not make landfall. Lt Loughran gave us “prepare to ditch”, but his order was not heard at the back of the glider. The front emergency doors were jettisoned, and the rear doors still locked when the glider actually hit the water.

The fuselage filled absolutely immediately, but there was no panic at all. About half of the crew came through the doors, the remainder through the roof. The first man out started to split the roof as soon as they were clear, and thereby saved the lives of those still inside.

We formed up on the wings a little shaken, but really no worse, and were about to make a plan of action when we and another glider some 50 or 60 yds away were engaged by two MG posts on the cliffs. The enemy fired a few illumination rockets towards us, but their lights did not make the fire much more accurate.

Our only arms were three revolvers and about 18 rounds of amn, so it was useless trying to get all the crew ashore as a fighting unit. We decided to make for the shore in twos and threes, those of us that were armed keeping together to try to do something about the enemy posts. On arrival in shore we found ourselves at the bottom of a cliff face where it was impossible to get higher to get into position anywhere near the enemy posts. We decided to lay up until the following morning.

At 0220 hrs on the morning of the 10th, a bomber, which must have been hit by flak, dropped its bomb load in the water about thirty yards away from us, then crashed into the sea itself. Capt Stafford was wounded in the neck and the hand.

At first light we moved along the cliff face then climbed to a ledge fifteen or twenty feet higher. We found all the crew except three, gathered them together, and decided to swim out to the gliders to try to get some water and tinned food. Two or three of us were fairly successful, so the situation, apart from lack of arms, was not too bad. We also managed to get some of the first aid kits from the gliders.

At 1000 hrs Lt Col Britten decided to attempt to break through to the Bn area, a distance of six to eight miles, so he and Lt Hardy left at 1400 hrs, hoping to meet up with the Bn by first light the next day. We covered about 1000 yds in the first two hours, this in stockinged feet over the rocks was better than we had hoped, but we thought this too slow, so we pocketed our revolvers and decided to walk boldly through.

We met Lt Green at about 1700 hrs, he had a batch of thirty or forty prisoners, but no definite information about the Bn as a whole. We filled our water bottles, had some tea and pressed on.

At one place on our way we looked over a wall and saw some 60 Italians, soldiers and civilians. The soldiers were armed so we bluffed them that we had the situation in hand, took their arms and made them destroy them, explaining as best we could that as far as they were concerned the war was over. We could not of course take them prisoner. They gave us quite a cheer as we left. :smiley:

As darkness set in we were stopped by two men of the Glider Pilot Regiment, they told us they were with a pl of the S. Stafford Regt. As their forming up area was more or less the same as ours they joined us, together we made for Waterloo.

The rest of our journey was more or less uneventful and we reported to Bde HQ at about 2000 hrs. By this time our feet were pretty tender, so we de-booted the first of the many PW.

We joined Major T.P.H. du Boulay at about 2100 hrs in the Bn area where we rested for the night. The Bn moved into SYRACUSE at about 0800 hrs the next day, and from there parties were sent out to collect the wounded, and arm the unarmed men with enemy weapons.

Capt Stafford was collected at about 1000 hrs on the 11th and sent off to the CCS on George Beach. The remainder moved to the Bn area on cycles with as much kit as could be collected from the gliders in an old Italian car.

17 Jul 43.

BNAF.

(sgd) J. Hardy Lt.

1st Bn The Border Regiment.

Check that hedgerow, chaps.

Soldiers of the 1st Bn Border Regt. Oosterbeek, Arnhem

http://www.battlefieldsww2.50megs.com/1border02.JPG

Classic picture of 1 Border, mortar team, Oosterbeek

http://www.jouwpagina.nl/fotos3/airborne/Thierney.jpg

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jouwpagina.nl/fotos3/airborne/Thierney.jpg&imgrefurl=http://airborne.jouwpagina.nl/&h=155&w=170&sz=38&hl=en&start=73&usg=__EVRC6Vv7EMNGiECOX6y2zAa2Drc=&tbnid=ErC7ezca6Ud2lM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=99&prev=/images%3Fq%3DBORDER%2BREGIMENT%2BARNHEM%26start%3D60%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

The Horsa Glider

http://www.indianamilitary.org/ATTERBURYAAF/images/10073BritishHorstaGlider.jpg

This is interesting:
http://www.assaultgliderproject.org.uk/

'What manner of men are those who wear the maroon beret? They are, firstly, all volunteers and are then toughened by physical training. As a result they have that infectious optimism and that offensive eagerness which comes from physical well-being. They have dropped from the air and by doing so have conquered fear. Their duty lies in the van of battle, they are proud or their honour and have never failed in any task. They have the highest standards in things, whether it be in battle, or smartness in execution of all peace-time duties. They have shown themselves to be as tenacious and determined in defence as they are courageous in attack. They are, in fact, men apart. “Every man an emperor” ’

Field Marshal Montgomery

“Knitting, as we call it…”

Newsreel on glider training (You might want your audio turned up for the dialogue which kiks-in after about 45 secs.):

http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=d09YOacP-9g&feature=channel

Home from home:

http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=tCkzxOcwg_Q&feature=channel

Glider landing - first of the allies to land in Normandy - Orne River, left-flank of the allied beachhead, from the film The Longest Day:

http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=cAj-pZTz7yA

Richard Todd, the actor portaying Major Howard of the OX. and Bucks. (Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry) glider troops, actually commisioned into the Parachute Regiment and landed on the Orne river with the Paras on D-Day as a part of the relief force.

http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=WrUs5AfrNjc&feature=related

One has to have a huge respect for glider troops of that era. I don’t think I could do it. I’m afraid of heights, but I’m pretty sure I wouldn’t have a huge issue jumping from high level aircraft, and if I could have made the cut, I would have possibly joined the airborne. But I don’t think I could ever fathom going into battle in a claustrophobic wooden crate with wings. These men deserve at least as much respect and acclaim as their airborne counterparts…

This especially applies to Major Howard and his Ox and Bucks at Pegasus Bridge…

Wasn’t there a terrible friendly fire incident in Operation Husky involving gliders? I mean as in US Army ADA troops not being made aware of the operation and them firing on the C-47s towing the gliders?

It applies to all of them, Nick.

Indeed, they were respected. They were airborne troops, but not paratroops. They wore the maroon beret and the Pegasus insignia, dress and acoutrements. However, they did retain their regimental designation and cap badge. They reverted to the regular infantry role at th end of hostilities.

British airborne glider troops at Arnhem - 1st Air Landing Brigade of the 1st Airborne Division - were:

1st Bn Border Regiment

Corporal Thierney and his mortar team, Arnhem http://www.jouwpagina.nl/fotos3/airborne/Thierney.jpg

2nd Bn South Staffordshire Regiment

Jack Bird http://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?q=2+south+staffords+arnhem&go=&form=QBIR#focal=eaf435182a521efb3da0a230ce226147&furl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fww2peopleswar%2Fstories%2F21%2Fimages%2F11163256871145211962_1.jpg

7th Bn King’s Own Scottish Borderers

Yes. Only one platoon of the Borderers reached their objective, many being dropped too early and landing in the sea.

Arnhem

After a number of cancelled operations in the summer of 1944, the 1st Airborne Division was to land at Arnhem, capture the main road bridge and other crossings over the River Rhine and hold a defensive perimeter of some 3.5 miles along the northern bank from Arnhem to the small town of Oosterbeek. The main force took off on 17th September 1944. The role of the 1st Battalion Border Regiment was to secure Landing and Drop Zone areas to the west of Oosterbeek…in preparation for the Para drop.

On the second day it was to move towards the western side of Oosterbeek and provide the defence of the Division’s western perimeter. By 19th September the unit was defending the perimeter from just north of the main road - the Utrechtseweg - in Oosterbeek down to the Rhine. The soldiers fought against overwhelming odds and held on until the order to withdraw was given on the night of 25th September. After nine days of hard fighting, the survivors fit to go made their way down to the Rhine and swam or were ferried in small boats to the safety of the southern bank.

Insignia
http://www.vera.org.uk/BORDERBASIC2.htm

Reenactment

http://www.vera.org.uk/MINISITECONTENTS.htm

Major John Howard - Ox & Bucks

http://www.io.com/tog/howardobit.html

Major Bob Cain VC - South Staffs

Major Robert Cain, South Staffordshire Regiment, was awarded the Victoria Cross for his exhibition of bravery during the Battle of Arnhem (Operation Market Garden). During this campaign Cain showed coolness and courage under intense enemy fire saving the lives of many fellow soldiers and single-handedly destroying a number of German tanks. Some experts have been so impressed as to suggest that no-one was ever more deserving of the Victoria Cross than Major Cain.

http://dickiebo.wordpress.com/2008/10/27/major-robert-henry-cain-vc/

This is the site of a foxhole which in 1944 contained what became the most famous 3-inch mortar crew of WW2: Cpl Jim McDowell, Pte Norman ‘Jock’ Knight and Pte Ron ‘Ginger’ Tierney. Tierney faces the camera, and the in the film shots can be seen shouting ‘fire’. All three made it back across the Rhine, although Knight was wounded in the crossing.

http://battlefieldsww2.50megs.com/tierney02.JPG

http://battlefieldsww2.50megs.com/tierney01.JPG

http://battlefieldsww2.50megs.com/1st_borders.htm

Major ‘Jock’ Neill

http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/Photos1/Pic_JockNeill.htm

‘Lonsdale Force’ At Oosterbeek church:

Oosterbeek Church first featured in the fighting at Arnhem on 19th September 1944, when Major Richard Lonsdale, second in command of 11th Bn Parachute Regiment, gathered the survivors of the fighting around St Elisabeth Hospital. Himself wounded, he climbed in the pulpit, and delivered his now famous speech:

“You know as well as I do there are a lot of bloody Germans coming at us. Well, all we can do is to stay here and hang on in the hope that somebody catches us up. We must fight for our lives and stick together. We’ve fought the Germans before - in North Africa, Sicily, Italy. They weren’t good enough for us then, and they’re bloody well not good enough for us now. They’re up against the finest soldiers in the world. An hour from now you will take up defensive positions north of the road outside. Make certain you dig in well and that your weapons and ammo are in good order. We are getting short of ammo, so when you shoot you shoot to kill. Good luck to you all”

http://battlefieldsww2.50megs.com/oosterbeek_church.htm

1st Bn Border Regt, Oosterbeek - Operaton Market Garden

The irrepressable Johnnie Peters (deceased) 14Platoon, B Company:

Sunday 17th Sept.

Glider N0. 161 was crossing the Dutch coast when it came under fierce fire from enemy flak. There was a cry from the rear of the glider: “The tail’s coming off!” This message was relayed up to Johnnie, who was sitting just behind the cockpit. Sgt Watson (Platoon Commander) had not heard what he said, and Johnnie related the message to Lt Col. Place (Glider pilot), who sent Lt Maltby (co-pilot) back to investigate. He returned from the tail end with a cheerful grin on his face and reported that it was only flak and that no damage had been done.

He had just returned to his seat when there was a loud explosion in the cockpit and he slumped sideways in his seat. Sgt Watson went forward to help him, despite the fact that he also had been wounded in the head. Ralph (pronounced - Reyf) Maltby died before the Medical Orderly could reach him, as Johnnie Peters realised from the look on Sgt Watson’s face. A sudden fear gripped him. What if the pilot should receive a fatal injury? Who would pilot the glider then? The truth was that there was no one capable, and if this should happen then they would all be killed. Soon they were over the LZ and, nose down, dived towards the ground. Bullets ripped through the fuselage and Pte Hughes the the Bren gunner of the scout section, was wounded in the knee by a single bullet that came up through the floor of the glider. The landing was otherwise uneventful; prayers had been answered!"

L/Cpl Albert ‘Ginger’ Wilson, 11 Platoon B Company:

Ginger saw that his glider had halted ten yards away from a large group of trees, and, looking up into them, saw that another Horsa had smashed into them forty feet above the ground. The pilots were dead in the branches of the trees; the anti-tank gun that the glider was carrying had smashed through the bulkhead into the cockpit. Sgt Hewitson, the Platoon Sergeant, was carried away wounded, and Ginger and Pte Frank Aston were ordered to take a PIAT and cover the railway line with the object of firing at any locomotive that approachd the LZ from the west.

The LZ was now littered with gliders; some still airworthy, others with their tails removed to permit the unloading of heavier equipment. Some had crashed into each other or into fencing and trees and were reduced to matchwood. However, there was not a great deal of time to notice too much as one had to push on to the next stage of the operation, the forming of a defensive perimeter around the LZ’s and DZ’s ready for the second lift on Monday (18th Sept.).

The 1st Battalion Border Regiment Landing at LZ “S” Arnhem 17th September 1944 by Jason Askew :

http://www.kingsownbordermuseum.btik.com/img/1st-battalion-at-Arnhem-pri.jpg

Witness the drop of the 1st Parachut Brigade

We had thankfully moved away from our gliders and were taking up our pre-determined defensive posiitons. Then we heard the roar of approaching aircraft coming in from the south-west. As wave after wave passed over us, the sky was filled with bursting parachutes. Moments later it was empty as the paratroopers reached the ground and almost immediately the great open polder was like a field of mushrooms with parachutes scattered all over it. It was an amazing sight. And then within minutes local men and women came running accross the near empty field, appearing as from nowhere to greet us . Such high hopes soon to be disappointed.

NCO Herbert Kessler - Herman Goring Replacement Regiment:

A Sunday of wonderful sunshine , appearing to be one of a series of charming uneventful, days. At least until the afternoon …Suddenly the air was filled with noise of engines, the air defence guns nearby fired from all ports, and the soldiers looked at each other full of amazement when they realised that the engine-powered planes had gliders in tow.

Lt Heinz Volz, Fallschirmjaeger:

At about midday we suddenly discerned an unearthy droning noise coming out of the air. A huge stream of transport aircraft and gliders approached out of the enemy hinterland, flying at an unusually low altitude. This enormous swarm was escorted by countless fighters, in particular Lightnings. These could observe everything moving on the ground and covered our defence area in minute detail, engaging anything they could see. Our own anti-air did not react. Only in the hinterland did flak open up.

Alfred Ziegler, 9 SSPanzerjaeger, north of Arnhem:

Then I saw twin engined bombers (Mosquitoes)flying fast and low. I remarked to a coleague “Something is up, now we are for it. “Don’t be daft ,” was the rejoinder “you’re always imagining things.” The Mosquitoes must have been forming up in the east because suddenly they returned and swooped down over our flak posiitons and shot them up, nothing was left standing.”