Helmets, and infantry protection and power

The later part of this thread drifted into helmets and the protection they afforded http://www.ww2incolor.com/forum/showthread.php?t=2155&page=2 but I thought it might be worth starting a separate thread on that topic and related topics about of the effectiveness of basic infantry weapons in WWII.

No steel helmet in WWII was designed to resist, or was capable of resisting, standard military rifle rounds around .30 calibre at normal combat distances, which in practice were likely to be at 10 to 100 metres, although riflemen were generally equipped with weapons which were reasonably accurate up to about 600 metres and could easily kill at twice that distance.

Helmets were designed to provide protection against shrapnel; blast debris; and spent rounds, all of which could inflict fatal wounds without a helmet.

The design of most helmets reflect their purpose, with attempts to extend the shield beyond the head. The American / German approach was to extend a canopy down the neck to some degree. The British approach was to build a verandah (porch) around the head, which is great for overhead items but, unlike the American / German helmet, not great for low velocity but potentially fatal horizontal projectiles that are going to hit you in the upper cervical spine.

One of the countless tests showing what happens with steel helmets hit by rifle rounds is here http://www.philippinemarinecorps.mil.ph/c6_helmet.html

On the US M1 helmet http://www.olive-drab.com/od_soldiers_gear_m1_helmet.php

For video of what modern military rounds (including some equivalent to WWII rounds) can really do, including to Kevlar helmets never mind tin pots, instead of the usual movie nonsense http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6760530260633420235&q=30mm&hl=en

Found some interesting data about a thoroughly unscientific test done during WW1 by people identified in my book only as “George Coppard and friends”. They got a selection of British and German helmets and started battering away at them with pick-axes. Of the British helmets, some were only dented but others pierced (they put this down to differing grades of steel and quality control at the various contractors) while all of the German helmets were pierced.

Oh, and interestingly the British “soup-plate” design was modified during WW2 to make it deeper, suggesting that they did see at least some merit in protecting a greater area of the head.

I don’t know if it’s the same George Coppard, but there’s a memoir of WWI by a soldier of the same name entitled With A Machine Gun to Cambrai.