Not really. Most archeologists and anthropologists who have studied the issue, if they have any opinion at all, believe that Neanderthals simply were not well equipped to compete with more or less modern humans. Neanderthal groups, for instance, habitually chose habitation sites in river valleys, whereas modern humans usually chose hill-top sites, which allowed them to better see the movements of game. Besides, there is by no means any consensus as to exactly what caused the demise of the various Neanderthal populations.
It’s naive to think that tribal animosity in Africa began with the grouping of hostile tribes together into artificial national structures which were convenient to the colonial governments. Tribal hostilities in Africa have their roots many thousands of years in the past as cultural groups moved about the continent in search of more abundant game, water, and other natural resources. African tribes seldom pay much attention to national boundaries anyway. What does contribute tribal violence is when one tribe attains a position of dominant political power in a region which contains fragments of other hostile tribal groupings and uses that power to unfairly allocate economic resources. But this is certainly NOT a situation that is limited to Africa or which is unknown even in North America.