It’s a great film, but as you say it doesn’t reflect reality. Then again, what film does? All drama necessarily compresses events by leaving out the mundane events.
Nonetheless, it encapsulates a lot of the elements of the conflict between the Japanese and their prisoners in dramatic form; is uplifiting in many respects; and ultimately demonstrates the futility of war in all respects.
The Real River Kwai Bridge
29 May 2004
Forget Alec Guinness and the movie “The Bridge on the River Kwai”, the movie was garbage, says Australian Lieutenant Colonel Terry Beaton, manager of the Anzac Hellfire Pass Memorial in Thailand. The movie is a fairy tale and has nothing to do with the reality, that for every 8km of railroad, 1000 to 2000 workers died in the jungle.
The “Hellfire Pass Museum”, operated by the Australian Department of Veterans’ Affairs, commemorates the 92,000 civilians and prisoners of war, including a number of New Zealanders and nearly 3000 Australians, who died at the hands of the Japanese military, a sign at the entrance of the museum states: “A life for every sleeper”.
At “Hellfire Pass”, the prisoners of war worked 18-hour shifts to blast a passage through the mountains, Terry Beaton tells us. From the top of the mountain ridge, the flickering torches looked like the fires of hell.
Overlooking the river Kwai, Terry says: “The men had to carry 110-pound (49kg) bags of rice on their backs for 2.5 miles (4km) from the River Kwai to the work camp.”. Pointing to a large bucket on display in the museum, he added: “It took 4 men to carry the 600-pound (272kg) buckets of concrete, without any way to escape into the surrounding jungle.”
Every year on Anzac Day, the museum in Thailand holds a memorial ceremony to commemorate all who died working on the Death Railroad on the river Kwai.
As the war in the Pacific intensified, the Japanese desperately needed a supply route from the South China Sea to the Indian Ocean. The Allies controlled the sea around the Malaysian Peninsula, making an overland railway vital for the Japanese military to supply their troops in Burma.
The British had surveyed a rail route across the mountains separating Thailand and Burma but deemed it impossible to build.
The Japanese evaluated the project with a standard that didn’t consider the cost of human lives. They conscripted 250,000 Malays, Chinese, Tamils, and Burmese and 60,000 Allied prisoners of war to work 12- to 18-hour shifts.
Within 16 months, 80,000 civilians and 12,000 POWs died of disease, starvation, and brutality, it is impossible to conceive the suffering the River Kwai has witnessed.
Nearby the “Hellfire Pass Museum” is the “Jeath War Museum”, operated by a Buddhist temple from the town of Kanchanaburi. The name, stands for countries involved in the atrocity: Japan, England, America, Australia, Thailand and Holland. New Zealand POWs were also involved in the building of the railway.
Two Allied cemeteries in Kanchanaburi, Thailand hold the remains of 7000 victims, only a small proportion of the bodies buried in mass graves that stretch along the 402km length of the Death Railroad.
“It’s amazing how much Hollywood can twist history”, says Terry. "The bridge over the River Kwai was not build with wood, but steel. A smaller wooden bridge was a temporary bridge built downstream for trucks to carry materials to build the “Bridge Over The River Kwai” as we see today, spanning the Kwai Yai River, upstream from the confluence with the Kwai Noi River, which the railroad follows into Burma.
After lunch, we walk with Terry across the infamous “River Kwai Bridge”, eleven picturesque semicircular arches stretch 365 meters over the Kwai river. POWs took 9 months to construct the concrete pylons and assemble the sections of the bridge, which the Japanese robbed from Java, along with much of the railroad track. On the other side of the bridge, vendors nowadays are selling souvenirs, crafts and trinkets from Burma.
A 75km section of the Death Railroad still operates today. We buy a 7-Baht (10 cent) ticket at Nam Tok for the 45-minute ride to Tha Kilen. Thai Buddhist monks in their saffron robes, villagers going to and coming from the market, and school children crowd into the cars.
The train chugs slowly along, stopping at every small Thai village, passing through fields of bananas, sugarcane, and tapioca. The railroad follows the winding of the river Kwai, crossing steep mountain cliffside trestles built at a staggering cost of human lives.
Watching the Thai villagers on the train, we realize the movie captured at least a part of the truth. After six decades, the river Kwai railroad still runs, only it serves the people of Thailand’s countryside and not the Japanese Imperial army.
The prisoners of war and civilian workers sacrificed their lives, but left a legacy for generations to come.
http://www.thaipro.com/thailand_00/273_bridge-river-kwai.htm