Zimbabwe - ready for intervention??

We have a duty to protect Zimbabwe
Peter Oborne, The Spectator, Wednesday, 18th June 2008

Robert Mugabe is murdering, starving and brutalising his people in the run-up to the presidential elections next week, says Peter Oborne. We should act now to prevent civil war and ethnic cleansing

Ten years ago the UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan set out a new international doctrine. Annan declared that the world was looking forward to what he called ‘a new century of human rights’.

For the United Nations, declared Annan, this meant an entirely new way of doing things. ‘No government,’ he declared, ‘has the right to hide behind national sovereignty in order to violate the human rights or fundamental freedoms of its peoples.

‘Whether a person belongs to the minority or the majority, that person’s human rights and fundamental freedoms are sacred.’

This statement was revolutionary. Inter-national relations, since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, have been conducted on the basis of formal respect for national boundaries. Annan, responding to globalisation and prompted perhaps by Tony Blair, was asserting that these borders should no longer be immune and that intervention was always appropriate when governments waged warfare against their own citizens.

Kofi Annan expressed the spirit of the age, or so it seemed. Humanitarian intervention was the great fin de siècle theme. In Kosovo and East Timor this doctrine was used to justify cross-border excursions to confront brutal actions by repressive regimes. Even where more self-interested motives were at work, as in Iraq, it was still used as the overriding vindication for invasion.

But there are now overwhelming signs that the ‘responsibility to protect’, as Kofi Annan’s doctrine has come to be known within the United Nations, has ceased to apply. Within the past few months there have been two terrible cases which cry out for exactly the kind of action for which Annan called so eloquently.

Mugabe has become the figurehead for a military junta, many of whom have blood on their hands from the genocide carried out in Matabeleland in the early 1980s, where 20,000 died. The election defeat last March posed Zanu-PF with by far the largest crisis since the Matabeleland killings, and they are responding in exactly the same way.

Thus far the death toll is hard to compute. Official records speak of 70 deaths, which is horrible enough, but the true figure is certainly far more than that. There are reports now of bodies being shoved down mineshafts, as they were in the early Eighties. Others are placed by the police in aluminium coffins and dropped into lakes and rivers.

Thousands of people have disappeared, no one knows where. Tens of thousands of Zimbabweans have been forced out of their homes, while hundreds of thousands have fled the country in search of jobs, food, or for their own protection. Mainly these exiles end up in South Africa, where their presence gives rise to resentment and has recently fanned into violence and is starting to threaten the stability and prosperity of the region.

Meanwhile Robert Mugabe has ignored the result of the elections last March. The victorious MDC MPs, who theoretically enjoy a majority in parliament, have not been sworn in. Indeed many of them are in hiding or detained facing trumped-up charges. There is no legal government. Robert Mugabe has explicitly rejected democracy, declaring at a funeral last Sunday he is not prepared to cede control on account of anything so insubstantial as a ballot paper.

This posture creates a problem for the opposition Movement for Democratic Change. Ever since its inception nearly ten years ago, the MDC has consistently stood for non-violence. It has refused to take to the bush or to resort to the guerrilla campaigns favoured by traditional African liberation movements. Like the monks in conflict with the Burmese junta, the MDC’s struggle has been moral, democratic, firmly based in civil society and based on Mahatma Gandhi’s teachings about non-violence.

These principles — never controversial within the ranks of the MDC — have been breaking down here and there over the past few weeks, though only in the face of the most grotesque provocation. Reports are beginning to trickle through of pockets of MDC resistance to the Zanu-PF militias, and reprisals too.

Mugabe’s statement that he will not accept any election result bar victory effectively gives the opposition the choice of mute surrender or armed resistance. My feeling is that Robert Mugabe, and some of his allies, would welcome the latter path. It would give them the excuse they need for launching a full-scale campaign of bloodshed, completing the unfinished business of the early 1980s, and establishing a one-party state. That is why many observers now fear that Zimbabwe will soon start to move towards the horror of civil war and ethnic cleansing.

And yet the United Nations has reacted with insouciance, taking Mugabe’s side rather than the terrorised opposition’s. Amazing to report, when the Security Council met last Thursday the word ‘Zimbabwe’ did not even appear on the formal agenda. The problem was discussed, at the request of the United Kingdom, but only under the general rubric ‘other matters’. This omission was very important: Zimbabwe standing alone on the agenda would have opened up the issue to formal discussion and — who knows? — action!

But even this very limited acknowledgement that some kind of problem existed was severely constrained. The United Nations will not accept that there is a political problem. This means that all discussion within the Security Council last Thursday, say diplomatic sources, was limited to a brief and abstract survey of ‘humanitarian’ issues.

How do we define the criteria for intervention?

This seems a fair enough basis for ending suffering.

But, if those circumstances are sufficient, then shouldn’t there have been international intervention in Israel decades ago and every year since 1948, and much more recently the same in Iraq, to expel the Western forces which have created the same problems there? In both instances the death toll, suffering, deportations and refugees have been much, much higher.

There are many other examples in Africa, South America and elsewhere, and currently in the Sudan perhaps most of all, but those places don’t have oil or political alignments that matter to the major powers.

It’s all about national interests and global politics and never about people. As Pol Pot demonstrated by, in proportion to the population, the worst modern genocide and probably the worst one ever, while the great powers stood by so they could wring their miserable hands in sympathy after the country had been laid waste.

Something needs to be done and it needs to be done now!

Yes. There are a lot of wrongs in the world. That doesn’t justify sitting on our arses and being apalled by another.

The U.S. has called for sanctions. Which basically means that they’re not interested. Why should they be? The plight of the citizens of New Orleans demonstrated the lack of compassion of the U.S. government for people of colour, even its own citizens.

Anyway, it’s the Europeans who screwed up Africa and it is they, and Britian in particular, who have a duty and responsibility to get behind the African nations to sort this out. It’s been done before, in Uganda, and it can be done again.

I’m sure there are a thousand, smart, political reasons for not doing anything, and each of them are truly worthless.

Yesterday, London hosted a huge party to celebrate Nelson Mandela’s 90th birhtday. Celebrities and politicians spoke with pride of how they championed his freedom. Well, now it’s time to champion the freedom of several million other people, because if they don’t, they’ve missed the message sent out by the example of Nelson Mandella.

Zimbabwe screwed itself up, they had an excellent economic position in the early eighties. So does the rest of africa, including the much praised south africa, they’ll look the same in a decade or two. The europeans colonized all around the globe, yet it’s only the africans south of the sahara who manage to turn gold into lead, they’re obviously not capable of creating or even maintaining a working economy and government.

Did you know, that Britain restored colonial order in the late seventies and only released Zimbabwe into independance after equal rights were established in their constitution because the british didn’t want it to be another south african apartheid state.
It’s btw. the africans who blockade even the call for sanctions, yet it were such sanctions that put immense pressure on south africa during the apartheid and ultimatly freed Mandela.
If anything, the west should completely ignore africa, no aid, no smart ass words of advice and no ressource robbing. But in the ressource department it’s not just us evildoers from the west, but particularly the chinese who continue to defraud africans for their resources, so that wouldn’t really help if we just stopped.

African nations have, for a long time now, championed the cause of solving their own problems in their own way…

Mugabe is showing them just how unwilling they are to take charge of their own destiny.

Easier to blame it all on Europeans.

Wake up ANC!

Take control of the situation in Zimbabwe…lack of intervention by Europeans does not alter the responsibility of Africans to manage their own affairs.

Can we trust Africa to run itself without various regions degenerating into a hacking, slashing mob of idiots…can’t even run an election without mucking it up.

Black Africans…start to actually run your own region. 50 years down the track, I certainly don’t want to keep hearing the same old line of reasoning…these people couldn’t run a drinking contest in a brewery! Tribalism and tradition getting in the way of African affairs yet again…

Move into the 21st century, for god’s sake!

Yes. Of course. Sanctions have worked against Iraq, Iran, Burma, N. Korea etc.

Sanctoins against the Kruger Rand were particularly effective in bringing down Apartheid. Sanctions will probably be effective in toppling the regime in Zimbabwe in about twenty to thirty years.

Perhaps if their countries had not been divided between European masters regardless of tribal boundaries they might not have such a problem.

Cut-and-run policies of their former masters, when the colonies were no longer economically viable, left everything up for grabs.

It’s about cause and effect, and no amount of cheap talk will change the fact that Africa was left in ruin because those that ruined it did not and do not give a fishes tit about it, nor the suffering of the people who are on the receiving end of this despotism. Yet we are quick to condemn the Imperial Japanese or the Nazis for such behaviour.

Move into the 21st century, for god’s sake!

They already have done. They allowed in global organisations to bleed their resources, using whatever was necessary to get things done.

Europe has a duty and a responsibility to Africa, and Britain, in the first instance, has a duty and responsibilty to Zimbabwe.

The people of Rhodesia were left to fight for their freedom. They were promised a better life.

When Smith proclaimed UDI the British should have intervened - as they did not hesitate to do so when there was a problem in Anguilla - instead they just bleated about sanctions.

Now, Mugabe is the figurehead of a regime from which he has no retreat. If he was to give up and the oppposition take over, what becomes of the brutes that have been raping and murdering? Whether Mugabe wants to remove himself or not, he is not going to be allowed to.

I see merit in all points of view expressed so far.

However, whatever the consequences of colonialism might have been, they have long been eclipsed by the actions of the African despots who have been in power more than long enough to have brought much better lives to their people than they have managed so far.

Despicable though aspects of the white South African regime were, black rule there has fallen a long way short of making things better for blacks, or whites. And it started off on a lot better footing than most other black African nations when they gained black rule.

I don’t know that it’s accurate to see black Africa as being bled of its resources by more developed nations, any more than Saudi Arabia is. Just because the masses don’t share in the wealth generated by those sales doesn’t mean that the buyers are exploiting the people. The people are being exploited by their own corrupt leaders, of whom Mugabe is a prime example.

Dhafur and previously Rwanda and various other exercises in black African bestiality were not caused by anything but local issues.

I think it’s time for black Africa to take responsibility for its appalling abuses of human rights for decades rather than looking back to European colonialism.

Of course, to force recognition of that responsibility it might be necessary to intervene militarily, but if Rwanda and Somalia are any guide it’s a waste of time as the UN etc just sit on the sidelines and supervise access to the massacres.

Perhaps the real problem is the notion in international law that sovereign states are sovereign, meaning that nobody else should interfere in their internal affairs. Unless, of course, they have oil or other important resources or strategic value in which case it’s alright, if the intervener is big and powerful enough to get away with it.

If we made human rights paramount instead of a state’s sovereignty, and were consistent in protecting those rights effectively rather than sending in neutered UN or other troops, we would at least avoid a lot of human misery.

But that would not deal with the problem underlying these basket case states, and not just in black Africa, which is endemic corruption at every level which flourishes because there is no regard for human rights outside nepotistic or tribal or political boundaries.

But if that’s the basis for intervention, why can’t fundamentalist Muslim states intervene militarily in European and English speaking countries to enforce their version of human rights, such as ensuring that woman don’t go out unaccompanied by male relatives and are covered from head to foot?

It’s easy to judge from a Western viewpoint, but what makes our viewpoint the only one that matters? After all, rampant exploitation of humans was the stock in trade of much of black Africa long before Europeans arrived. Without the black slave traders, there wouldn’t have been any black slaves exported to Europe and America. Nothing that is happening there now is inconsistent with that history. Why should we intervene in the natural extension of such cultural practices?

I see no merit in blaming a rape victim for having been raped.

However, whatever the consequences of colonialism might have been, they have long been eclipsed by the actions of the African despots who have been in power more than long enough to have brought much better lives to their people than they have managed so far.

Our socio/economic and political systems were developed over centuries and many wars of freeedom were fought in Europe and other parts of the globe before we reached where we are today. Indeed, it took two world wars to unite Eurpe in the way it is today, and it remains unequal to its task.

The African colonies were mainly reduced to one-commodity countries, with a peasant labour force to produce the goods. Then the Colonials stepped back. There was no longer a demand for the raw materials which could be manufactured synthetically. So, back in the fifties and sixties Britian and others withdrew honorourably (?) and allowed the tribal leaders to get on with it. Colonies became countries populated by peoples which had previously been displaced both ethnically and tribally from their traditional lands - divide and conquer.

Despicable though aspects of the white South African regime were, black rule there has fallen a long way short of making things better for blacks, or whites. And it started off on a lot better footing than most other black African nations when they gained black rule.

Thousands of middle class Englishmen were educated in elite, public schools to run the colonies for generations.
When they left, they created a huge administrative vacuum.

Furthermore, as the managerial jobs were usually occupied by the white colonial authorities, there was no place to which native talent could aspire. Therefore, in order to better their lot in life they dealed and maniplualted to a point thta corruption became an endemic product of the colonial system.

Similarly, we see in our own societies how men of talent are barred by the establishment and as a result turn to crime.

Just because the masses don’t share in the wealth generated by those sales doesn’t mean that the buyers are exploiting the people.

Of course they are. They could put pressure on the leaders. A friend of mine used to be the head of a very well known British multi-national’s African and Asian divisions. He practically ran the countries in which he was inolved. Their government ministers looked to him for funding of projects etc.

The people are being exploited by their own corrupt leaders, of whom Mugabe is a prime example.

Yes they are. We shouldn’t be allowing it.

Dhafur and previously Rwanda and various other exercises in black African bestiality were not caused by anything but local issues.

They were caused by the colonisation of the country and dispalcement of the people - root cause and effect.

I think it’s time for black Africa to take responsibility for its appalling abuses of human rights for decades rather than looking back to European colonialism.

We created the monster.

Of course, to force recognition of that responsibility it might be necessary to intervene militarily, but if Rwanda and Somalia are any guide it’s a waste of time as the UN etc just sit on the sidelines and supervise access to the massacres.

The UN is always impotent in these situations. It requires positive action from an alliance or collective of both European and African nations.

Perhaps the real problem is the notion in international law that sovereign states are sovereign, meaning that nobody else should interfere in their internal affairs.
Concur!

Unless, of course, they have oil or other important resources or strategic value in which case it’s alright, if the intervener is big and powerful enough to get away with it.
:mrgreen:

If we made human rights paramount instead of a state’s sovereignty, and were consistent in protecting those rights effectively rather than sending in neutered UN or other troops, we would at least avoid a lot of human misery.

Now you’re talking. I can see that you’re accustomed to tinking (Irish) on your feet :slight_smile:

But that would not deal with the problem underlying these basket case states, and not just in black Africa, which is endemic corruption at every level which flourishes because there is no regard for human rights outside nepotistic or tribal or political boundaries.

The bascket cases are corrupted by the way our market economies operate. It’s already in place, they just jump on hte bandwagon.

But if that’s the basis for intervention, why can’t fundamentalist Muslim states intervene militarily in European and English speaking countries to enforce their version of human rights, such as ensuring that woman don’t go out unaccompanied by male relatives and are covered from head to foot?

Because they’re not big enough - yet!

It’s easy to judge from a Western viewpoint, but what makes our viewpoint the only one that matters?

It’s better to judge from a humanitarian viewpoint. We are all human.
It isn’t the only one that matters, but it’s the one that can make a difference. Most of our western populations have, at some point in their history, been subjected to similar tyranny. We fought for centuries to be free of it.

After all, rampant exploitation of humans was the stock in trade of much of black Africa long before Europeans arrived. Without the black slave traders, there wouldn’t have been any black slaves exported to Europe and America. Nothing that is happening there now is inconsistent with that history. Why should we intervene in the natural extension of such cultural practices?

We did intervene - several hundred years ago when we turned the slavery based on small tribal scale, into a global industry which enabled our nations to develop into the powers they are today.

What you’re saying (though, I suspect, unintentionally) is that the Africans were born to be slaves.

Some good points, RS. I can see that you are trying to be fair. Unlike others who might frame their arguments in stereo-typical, racist cliches.

Of course, all of this will come back and bite us in the bum as political and economic migrants, who have always had to live in violent societies, migrate either to escape the violence, or on account of the shrinking of sub-Saharan Africa, as the arid/drought prone regions expand due to global warming. Then the violence will be brought to our shores, our neighbourhoods and our streets - if it hasn’t arrived already.

This statement probably best sums up what gives developed countries the right to intervene where crimes against humanity are being perpetrated:

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

That, in my humble opinion, just about sums up why (as an example) radical Islamists do not have the right to force muslim women to cover themselves on the streets of England, and why we have a duty and responsibility to our fellow human beings to intervene when and where it is necessary.

Me neither.

But are we viewing a willing prostitute as a rape victim?

I mean the countries run by brigands, not the people who suffer from their leaders’ depredations.

We’re only one step away from the same or much worse savagery, as Yugoslavia demonstrated a dozen years ago.

I wouldn’t class the Mau Mau in Kenya as getting on with it, or the Belgians in the Congo as withdrawing honourably.

Perhaps, but there were also voluntary migrations which changed the balance. What is now South Africa wasn’t exactly overpopulated by blacks before the whites arrived.

Here, we agree to differ.

After the black Africans have had sole control of their own nations for several decades, I don’t think it is plausible to blame everything on the past.

We have a similar problem in my country, with our indigenous people and many other sensible and well-intentioned white people blaming the appalling circumstances in some self-governing indigenous communities upon the white past.

I don’t dispute that the past created circumstances which feed into the present, but there comes a time in everyone’s life where they have to accept responsibility for their own actions. Avoiding this just leads to abominations like this well intentioned fuck up of cosmic proportions which allows bad behaviour to continue because, supposedly, we have to make allowances for the past and some strange native culture. Bull-fucking-shit! http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23918422-5006786,00.html

We have the same problem in black Africa (and elsewhere). When do we stop treating appalling behaviour as it should be treated and stop pussy footing around because if we intervene we’re somehow perpetuating the paternalism and arrogance of the past yet allowing other communities to engage in conduct we wouldn’t even begin to contemplate allowing in our own community?

Is there a conflict between your views about colonialism and your desire for the former colonial powers to intervene now?

Isn’t it just a modern form of colonialism for us to impose our current post-colonial (i.e starting about a quarter of a century post-WWII) standards on the former colonies to make them conform with our standards of behaviour?

If states where we intervene, such as Zimbabwe, raise that argument, how do you respond to justify intervention?

Well, O’im a bit of a tinker, an dat’s fer shore! An wen O’im tinkin, O’im drinkin, but after O’ive bin drinkin fer a whoile O’im not too good at tinkin.

No, I’m saying that they’re just continuing with a form of despotic government and control of their people which is primitive in the sense of being unaware of the human rights we in the West like to think are part of the fabric of our civilisation, but which are very recent and very fragile inventions, as Bosnia and Auschwitz and British concentration camps during the Boer War show.

There is also an unstated expectation that ‘You can’t expect any better of these black fellows.’ in the West, which allows the West to allow them to continue rather than saying, as no developed nation’s leader will publicly

‘Look, either you’re a modern civilised state and you will behave like one, or you’re a bunch of primitive apes and we’ll treat you like that.’

The end result is that developed nations pretend the former and behave as if they’re the latter.

So the poor bastards who live in these battered nations in Africa and who want a better life and who don’t support the likes of Mugabe are let down by the developed nations which treat them as if they’re in favour of the circumstances in which they are forced to live by the despots who stole power over them.

You and I agree that it’s a shithouse situation that needs energetic action, even if we have different views on the causes of it.

The fact that we agree that energetic action is needed distinguishes us from the leaders of the nations who could actually do something about it.

Which goes back to a loose thought I floated in another thread about whether we might be better off with a (properly constituted - whatever that means) world government.

Couldn’t agree more.

Pity that the nation founded on that noble principle consistently denied it to peoples seeking liberty in various parts of the globe, from Chile to Persia to Iraq and now reaps the consequences with total incomprehension.

Or (just as selectively as the U.S. version in original context but equally of general application on the words alone):

Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thine heart: thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him.

Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

Leviticus 19:17-18

African nations have, for a long time now, championed the cause of solving their own problems in their own way…

Mugabe is showing them just how unwilling they are to take charge of their own destiny.

Easier to blame it all on Europeans.

Well, how was “Zimbabwe” created? How was it decided that the indigenous clans, tribes, etc. would be grouped together? How was it decided what borders would be put where?

This was all done by Europeans, long ago. And is at least partly to blame with demagogue fascist-pigs like Mugabe coming to power – and the bloodbaths in places like Uganda and Rwanda…

The countries are all artificial and arbitrary – creating schizophrenic states with groupings of tribes that have warred for eons and borders with no natural barriers or even sense beyond what parts were once controlled by Britain, France, or King Leopold…

BTW, everyone does realize that the bloodiest conflict since WWII, the Congo Wars, have all to do with the tantalum that is used in your cell phone. Correct?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo

How far back do we want to go?

Pre-Europeans, it was a Zulu takeover of the Shona in what is now Zimbabwe that sowed the seeds of the present conflict, as can be seen from this current tribal debate. http://newzim.proboards86.com/index.cgi?action=display&board=general&thread=139622&page=1# None of that bitterness has anything to do with Europeans but everything to do with local Shona / Ndebele animosities.

I don’t subscribe to the ‘European colonialism is responsible for all Africa’s ills’ view.

Much of black Africa has had plenty of time to sort itself out in racial harmony after the white oppressors left.

The failure to do so is not due to the former presence of the white oppressors but to the post-colonial presence of black oppressors.

It offends Western liberals’ ‘noble savage’ fantasies, but the fact is that black African and Asian and Middle Eastern and other colonially exploited peoples harbour at least as big a reservoir of thugs and crooks as does any other nation, but they have the advantage of less developed social, economic and government institutions to restrain them from the bastardry which Western politicians routinely manage to achieve. It’s a matter of degree rather than difference.

Neither do I. But clearly, the precedent was set during colonialism when something of the Euro-style nation-states were carved through Africa…

Much of black Africa has had plenty of time to sort itself out in racial harmony after the white oppressors left.

The failure to do so is not due to the former presence of the white oppressors but to the post-colonial presence of black oppressors.

It offends Western liberals’ ‘noble savage’ fantasies, but the fact is that black African and Asian and Middle Eastern and other colonially exploited peoples harbour at least as big a reservoir of thugs and crooks as does any other nation, but they have the advantage of less developed social, economic and government institutions to restrain them from the bastardry which Western politicians routinely manage to achieve. It’s a matter of degree rather than difference.

Western liberals tend not to be the ones that adhere to the “Nobel savage” mythos. That’s the Kipling-reading Western conservative that white-washes his history and turns colonialism into a valiant struggle with the Whiteman’s burden.

Nobody is blaming anyone other than Mugabe and his band of secret police and military henchmen for what besets Zimbabwe today. But some posters here are pretending that this is “not our problem.” Well, after using African labor (abducting their best and brightest really) to build our societies, ether colonial or motherland, and effectively raping Africa for years of their gold and other resources while giving little back other than an easily shattered system of infrastructure and a feeble multi-nation/one-state mentality that cannot work in most cases. These problems did not come out of a vacuum, and some here (and not necessarily the poster I am responding too) need to stop believing that we can just wash our hands after years of backing various factions over others and the ignored mini-genocides of King Leopold’s kingdom of the Congo, that somehow these problems started when the European white people left, or the Westernized African-white minorities lost power…

I am not pretending anything since this isn’t germanys problem. Germany never held slaves and used african labor in the colonies only for a short timespan (we started the colonies only in the late 1880ies and we all know when they were gone). Most african countries are actually far longer independant now than germany ever had colonies. The case is different with britain and france, but me personally I’m argumenting from a german perspective here, since “the west” isn’t just US/UK. This “backing various factions over others” is also more a US american trademark than anyone else’s.
So if someone wants to intervene militarily there, fine, but the german public (and in this case this even includes me) wouldn’t accept a single german casualty somewhere in the middle of nowhere.