Hi 32Bravo,
I see it as a flawed strategy. Although, I am not an expert on the Italian campaign.
Quote from below:
[b]"The British, especially Winston Churchill, advocated their traditional naval-based peripheral strategy. With a relatively small army, but great naval power, the traditional British strategy against a continental enemy was to fight as part of a coalition and mount small peripheral operations designed to gradually weaken the enemy.
The United States, with a far larger army, favored a more direct strategy of fighting the main force of the German army in northern Europe. The ability to launch such a campaign depended on first winning the Battle of the Atlantic.[/b]"
Personally, I think the allies should have invaded Sardinia and then Corsica after the capture of Sicily on 17 August 1943. They could then have used Corsica as a springboard to invade southern France. I think that an earlier invasion of southern France would have tied down more German troops in proportion to allied than was accomplished by invading Italy.
In contrast, in Italy a larger allied force slogged its way up a narrow, mountainous peninsula defended by a proportionally smaller German force in a long campaign which did not conclude until April 29, 1945 - just over a week before the war in Europe ended.
Had the allies invaded southern France through Sardinia and Corsica earlier on, they would probably have drawn a larger proportion of the German army from other fronts. It would also have put the allies in a position to thrust deeper into France and/or thrust into northern Italy through the Po Valley and possibly sever the Italian peninsula from the rest of occupied Europe. This probably would have affected German preparations along the Atlantic wall by drawing troops further south. In addition, German troops might still have been held in southern Italy to guard against a possible invasion from Sicily.
With an allied force already in southern France in 1943, the 1944 allied invasion of northern France may have unfolded quite differently with more German troops tied up further south.
Maybe it could have helped end the war earlier. Just my opinion.
Brief summary:
Allied invasion of Italy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Theatre_of_World_War_II
Successes in the North African desert left the Allies in complete control of the Mediterranean’s southern shore and using this as a springboard Allied Forces Headquarters AFHQ started to plan an attack into what Winston Churchill referred to as the “soft underbelly” of Europe.
The Allies first action was the capture of the island of Sicily, called Operation Husky, on 10 July 1943. This brought to the fire a growing dissatisfaction with Mussolini. He was deposed on July 25, 1943, by the Fascist Grand Council, and placed under house arrest in an isolated mountain resort. His replacement, General Pietro Badoglio, negotiated an armistice with the Allies on September 8, 1943. Nazi Germany moved quickly into the confused situation, disarmed Italian formations and prepared to defend Italy on their own.
Allied troops landed in mainland Italy on September 3, 1943, crossing from Sicily. Further landings were made at Salerno and Taranto on September 9. For more information see: Allied invasion of Italy. This led to Italy, already angry at Mussolini, to join the Western Allies.
A German commando raid called “Operation Oak” (Unternehmen Eiche)) and led by Otto Skorzeny rescued Mussolini. The Germans installed him as the “Head of State” and “Minister of Foreign Affairs” of a Nazi puppet state in northern Italy called the Italian Social Republic.
Germany had built a number of defensive lines through the mountains; the main one was called the Winter Line. The Allies came up against this in the winter of 1943 and were unable to break through. Amphibious landings at Anzio were made in an attempt to bypass the line: however the landing forces were contained by the Germans, and the Gustav Line (the core part of the Winter Line defenses) remained intact. Finally the line was broken in May 1944 in the fourth major attempt in four months to open the road to Rome dominated by strategically positioned historic Benedictine Abbey at Monte Cassino.
The Allies finally entered Rome on June 4, 1944, two days before the landings in Normandy. Germany regrouped at the Gothic Line further north. After a landing in southern France in August, 1944 to threaten the German flank, on September 10, 1944 British Commonwealth forces started the attack on the line. The offensive by Allied and some Italian forces continued until Germany surrendered in Italy on April 29, 1945 two days after Mussolini’s capture.
Italian Campaign (World War II)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Campaign_(World_War_II)
Even prior to victory in the North African Campaign, there was disagreement between the Allies on the best strategy to defeat the Axis.
The British, especially Winston Churchill, advocated their traditional naval-based peripheral strategy. With a relatively small army, but great naval power, the traditional British strategy against a continental enemy was to fight as part of a coalition and mount small peripheral operations designed to gradually weaken the enemy. The United States, with a far larger army, favored a more direct strategy of fighting the main force of the German army in northern Europe. The ability to launch such a campaign depended on first winning the Battle of the Atlantic.
The strategic disagreement was fierce, with the US service chiefs arguing for an invasion of France as early as possible, while their British counterparts advocated a Mediterranean strategy. The American staff believed that a full-scale invasion of France as soon as possible was necessary to end the war in Europe, and that no operations should be undertaken which might delay that effort. The British argued that the presence of large numbers of troops trained for amphibious landings in the Mediterranean made a limited-scale invasion possible and useful. Eventually the US and British political leadership made the decision to commit to an invasion of France in 1944, but with a lower-priority Italian campaign reflecting Roosevelt’s desire that to keep U.S. troops active in the European theater during 1943 and his attraction to the idea of eliminating Italy from the war. It was clear that the Italian people had never been enthusiastic about their participation in the war, and it was hoped that an invasion would knock them out of the war, or provide at least a major propaganda blow. The elimination of Italy as an enemy would also enable the Royal Navy to completely dominate the Mediterranean Sea, massively improving communications with Egypt, the Far East, the Middle East and India. It would also mean that the Germans would have to transfer troops from the Eastern Front to defend Italy and the entire southern coast of France, thus aiding the Soviets.
Once Italy surrendered in September 1943, on the eve of the Allied landings on the Italian mainland, a new strategic rationale evolved: this was to tie down as many German forces in Italy as possible so that they could not be used to reinforce the German defences in northwest Europe… (it continues)
http://home.att.net/~C.C.Jordan/P-38MTO.html
The Luftwaffe offered a much stiffer air defense over Sardinia. A huge brawl developed over the island on July 30th. AAF P-40’s tangled with a large concentration of Bf-109’s flown by young, inexperienced pilots. The P-40’s were credited with the destruction of 21 of the Messerschmitts for the loss of only one of their own. Post war analysis seems to indicate that only five or six 109’s fell to the Americans. Although, many others were damaged and several were completely written off. Repeated sweeps over Sardinia by large formations of P-38’s ground down the Luftwaffe, leaving the island virtually defenseless by the end of August. Sardinia was captured shortly after Italy threw in the towel. U.S. forces landed unopposed on September 14, 1943.
http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2-3RAF-b1.html
Messina, Sicily, captured by Allied forces August 16, 1943.
End of Sicilian campaign August 17, 1943.
British and Canadian troops landed in southern Italy september 3, 1943.
September 3, 1943 Armistice signed with Italy but not declared until 8 September 1943.
Sardinia - U.S. forces landed unopposed on September 14, 1943.
Corsica was captured October 4, 1943.
Allied invasion of southern France, preceded by an intensive
four-day air bombardment and attacks by airborne troops.
August 15, 1944.